Impact of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Based Education Applications on Prospective Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Belief Levels Toward Science Education

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of technological pedagogical content knowledge-based education applications on prospective teachers’ self-efficacy belief levels toward science education. The study was conducted on the 3rd year prospective science teachers of a public university and continued for 14 weeks. In the study, quasi -experimental method, pretest-posttest experimental design with a control group. The research was performed in the Instructional Technologies and Material Design courses during the education year of 2015-2016. In the research, one of the classes of the 3rd years was determined as a control and another one as an experimental group. There were 65 students (control=33, experiment=32) in the study group. As the instrument of data collection, the self-efficacy belief levels toward science education scale was used and the scale was applied as pretest, posttest and follow-up test. Cronbach Alpha (a) consistency coefficient of the scale is 0.82. To the students in the experimental group, the education applications based on Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge were introduced by the researcher; the courses were made with these applications and they were requested to use these applications that they learned in the materials that they were making. As for the control group, the courses were made with the current curriculum. The research results show that the self-efficacy belief levels of prospective science teachers toward science education design is higher in the experimental group than the students in the control group

The Effect of Science Teaching Enriched With Technological Applications on the Science Achievements of 7th Grade Students

This study aims to research the impacts of science teaching enriched with technological applications on the science course achievement levels of 7th grade students. 13 weeks long research was carried out with 7th grade students studying at a state secondary school in Turkey in 2016. In the study, quasi-experimental method, experimental design with the pretest-posttest control group was used. There were 83 students (control=42, experiment=41) in the study group. “Science Achievement Test” developed by the researchers was used as data collection tool. There are 28 multiple-choice, four-choice items in the achievement test covering subjects taught, and the KR 20 reliability coefficient is 0.78. “Science Achievement Test” was used as the pretest, posttest, and follow-up test. Teaching was carried out by the same science teacher in the science class in both the control and experiment groups. In the control group, student-centered learning approach suitable to the 2013 Science Course Curriculum was given to the students, and no experimental procedure was applied. In the experiment group, 2013 Science Course Curriculum was followed, and teaching was carried out with technology enriched science teaching applications. At the end of the research, it was found that the achievement levels of the experiment group with the technology enriched science teaching applications increased significantly and was higher at a meaningful level than the achievement of the control group students. According to this findings, it can be suggested that technology enriched teaching should also be used in science teaching to address individual differences by enriching teaching

The Impact of Out-of-School Learning Environments on 6th Grade Secondary School Students Attitude Towards Science Course

This study was conducted for the purpose of determining the impacts of out-of-school learning environments on 6th-grade students’ attitudes towards science course. In the study, the quasi-experimental model and pretest-posttest control grouped experimental design was employed. The experimental process step of the study was carried out on 6th-grade students who receive education in a secondary school in Turkey in 2017 and maintained for 18 weeks. 60 students are included in the study group of the research (control group=30, experimental group=30). For the purpose of measuring the attitude scores towards science course, “The Scale of Attitude towards Science Lesson” was used. The experimental phase was performed by science lesson teacher both in the control and experimental groups. No experimental process was applied in the control group. The instruction was provided in accordance with the Science Course Curriculum. While the instruction was provided in line with the control group in the experimental group, out-of-school learning environments were also included in the teaching process. Out-of-school learning environments were specified by considering the learning outcomes in the 6th-grade science curricula. Experimental group students visited out-of-school learning environments with the guidance of the science teacher. Science museum, anatomy museum, planetarium, nature trip, science festivals, energy park and aqua park are among the out-of-school learning environments. As a result of the study, it was seen that the attitudes of the students in the experimental group were increased at a significant level, and no significant improvement was realized in control group students’ attitudes

INTERPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION MODEL FOR SPORT SECURITY PROFESSIONALS IN TURKEY

Sport Security Professionals are entrsuted with maintaining peace, security and protecting human rights and freedoms in the sport areas. In pursuance of this, security agencies and professionals are to prevent crime and fight against it in cooperation and coordination with both local and international – level security agencies. To achieve this, they need practical training rather than theoretical one in not only prevocational training, but also in on- the- job training. In this study, it is recommended to apply interprofessional educational method commonly used in health science to training of the security professional in security science. In this context, it is pointed out how to apply interprofessional education model to prevocational formal education and on-the-job training of security professionals in sport security

INTERPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION MODEL FOR SPORT SECURITY PROFESSIONALS IN TURKEY

Sport Security Professionals are entrsuted with maintaining peace, security and protecting human rights and freedoms in the sport areas. In pursuance of this, security agencies and professionals are to prevent crime and fight against it in cooperation and coordination with both local and international – level security agencies. To achieve this, they need practical training rather than theoretical one in not only prevocational training, but also in on- the- job training. In this study, it is recommended to apply interprofessional educational method commonly used in health science to training of the security professional in security science. In this context, it is pointed out how to apply interprofessional education model to prevocational formal education and on-the-job training of security professionals in sport security

The effect of erythropoietin on biomechanical properties of the Achilles tendon during the healing process: an experimental study

Tensile test data. (XLSX 10 kb

The Effects of Some Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors on Oxidative Stress, VEGF, BMP 2 and 9 in the Liver Tissue of Ovariectomized Rats

INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis is an important health problem and there is no effective treatment yet. phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors are promising agents for the treatment of osteoporosis. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (vardenafil, tadalafil, and udenafil) on bone morphogenic protein-2 and 9 (BMP-2 and 9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde and CoQ10) in liver tissue of rats with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. METHODS: 50 Albino wistar female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 rats per group. Groups were the sham-operated, ovariectomise (OVEX), OVEX + Tadalafil, OVEX + udenafil and OVEX + vardenafil, respectively. VEGF, BMP-2 and 9 levels were measured by ELISA kits. To detect levels of MDA and CoQ10, we used high pressure liquid chromatography method. RESULTS: The levels of VEGF, BMP-2 and 9 levels in the groups that applied PDE-5 inhibitors were significantly higher than in the sham and OVEX groups. There was no significant difference between the OVEX+vardenafil and OVEX+udenafil groups in terms of VEGF, BMP-2 and 9 levels. The levels of MDA and CoQ10 were significantly lower in the groups that applied PDE5 inhibitors than in the OVEX group. When the histological and immunohistochemical results were examined, it was seen that angiogenesis was significantly higher in PDE-5 inhibitor groups. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we can say that these inhibitors may have positi ve effects on bone mineralization and remodelling by inducing the expression of VEGF, BMP-2 and 9 in liver tissue

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

An analysis of the relation between gifted students' perceptions of social-emotional skills and peer relationships

Bu araştırmanın amacı, özel yetenekli öğrencilerin sosyal duygusal beceri algıları ile akran ilişkileri arasındaki ilişkiyi çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelemektir. İlişkisel tarama modelinde tasarlanmış araştırmanın örneklemi, 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılında Bilim ve Sanat Merkezlerinde ortaokul düzeyinde eğitim görmekte olan 216 özel yetenekli öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aşamasında sosyal duygusal beceri algısı ölçeği, akran ilişkileri ölçeği ve kişisel bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde sosyal duygusal beceri algıları ile akran ilişkileri arasındaki ilişki, korelasyon analizi ile incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın bağımsız değişkenleri incelenirken, iki kategorili değişkenlerin analizinde t- testi, üç ve daha fazla kategorideki değişkenlerin analizi için ise ANOVA kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlar, özel yeteneklilerin sosyal duygusal beceri algıları ile akran ilişkileri arasında belirli alt boyutlarda anlamlı ve pozitif yönde bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Özel yetenekli öğrencilerin sosyal duygusal beceri algı puanları ile akran ilişkilerinin alt boyutları çatışma, yardım, koruma ve akran ilişkileri toplam puanları arasında anlamlı ilişki elde edilmiştir.This study aims to explore the relationship between gifted individuals' perceptions of social-emotional skills and peer relationships in regard to various variables. Correlational survey model was employed and 216 gifted secondary school students studying at the Science and Art Centers in the 2019-2020 academic year participated in the study. The perception of social-emotional skills scale, peer relationship scale and demographic information form were utilized to as data collection tools. In the data analysis, correlation analysis was employed to explore the relationship between the participants' perceptions of social-emotional skills and peer relations; t-test was employed in the analysis of two-category variables, and ANOVA was implemented for three or more variables. The results revealed a significant and positive relationship between gifted individuals' perceptions of social-emotional skills and peer relationships and the sub-dimensions of the peer relations, conflict, help, protection and total scores of peer relations